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RHYTHM AND BLUES

ANG: rhythm and blues, rhythm & blues, R & B, rhythm ‘n’ blues, R ‘n’ B, Rhythm and Blues 1940; NEM: rhythm and blues, Rhythm and Blues, Rhythm & Blues, R & B, Jazzstil; FR: rhythm and blues, rhythm & blues, R & B, rhythm ‘n’ blues, R ‘n’ B, rhythm’n blues, style de jazz; IT: rhythm and blues, rhythm & blues, R & B, rhythm ‘n’ blues, R ‘n’ B, stile di jazz.

ET: Ritem; blues.

D: »(Naziv za) popularno glasbo ameriških črncev, ki je cvetela od poznih štiridesetih do zgodnjih šestdesetih let. Sprva je šlo za vokalni žanr, ki so ga pogosto uporabljali za ples, z znamenitimi vokalnimi solisti (npr. C. McPhatter, S. Cooke), ki so peli sami ali kot člani (po navadi moškega) vokalnega kvarteta ali kvinteta (npr. The Ravens, The Orioles, The Drifters, The Coasters). Drugi člani zasedbe so harmonizirali spev solista z nesmiselnimi zlogi (‘ooo’, ‘doo-wop’) ali značilnimi frazami (‘shake, rattle, and roll’) … Harmonska in metrična struktura je izpeljana iz dvaintridesettaktnih popularnih pesmi in iz dvanajsttaktnega bluesa, in sicer pod vplivom harlem jumpa … Sredi petdesetih let se je iz veje rhythm and bluesa razvil rock and roll, ko so si beli glasbeniki prisvojili kreativnost črnskih ustvarjalcev in so črni inovatorji (C. Berry, F. Domino, Little Richard) dobili simpatije belega poslušalstva. V poznih petdesetih letih se je pojavila tudi druga veja rhythm and bluesa v pop glasbi, ko so producenti uvedli razkošne aranžmaje z godalci. V zgodnjih šestdesetih letih je soul postal tretja veja rhythm and bluesa, ko je veliko popularnost doseglo nervozno, kričeče petje (R. Charles, J. Brown).« (‹RAN›, 705–706; ‹RL›, 802)

KM: R. a. b. je izjemno zapleten pojem. Predlagana D pokriva večino njegovih pomenov in vplivov.

Ustreznice izvirne ANG oblike pojma v NEM, FR in IT so predlagane v ‹BR›, 238–239, vendar samo kot (domala napačna) razlaga.

KR: Med neštetimi načini zapisa pojma je težko določiti, kateri je najbolj natančen, najbolje jih je imeti za enakovredne. Pojem je nesmiselno prevajati (kot, npr., »ritem in blues«).

GL: jump, harlem jump, pop, pop glasba, popularna glasba, rock and roll, rock, rock glasba, soul, soul jazz (D 2–A–D).

‹BASS›, IV, 82; ‹BKR›, IV, 42; ‹FR›, 75; ‹GR6›, XV, 824; ‹HI›, 393; ‹HK›, 318–319; HUNKEMÖLLER 1980: 5; ‹IM›, 319; ‹KN›, 172; ‹LARE›, 1331; ‹MELZ›, III, 197

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